E500 – E585
| Number | Name | Comments |
| E500 | Sodium carbonates | no known adverse effects in small quantities |
| E501 | Potassium carbonates | no known adverse effects |
| E503 | Ammonium carbonates | irritant to mucous membranes |
| E504 | Magnesium carbonate | medically used as an antacid and laxative |
| E507 | Hydrochloric acid | safe in small quantities |
| E508 | Potassium chloride | large quantities can cause gastric ulceration |
| E509 | Calcium chloride | derived from brine |
| E510 | Ammonium chloride | should be avoided by people with impaired liver or kidney function. Typical products are flour products |
| E511 | Magnesium chloride | magnesium is an essential mineral |
| E513 | Sulphuric acid | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E514 | Sodium sulphates | may upset the body’s water balance |
| E515 | Potassium sulphates | no known adverse effects |
| E516 | Calcium sulphate | derived from limestone |
| E518 | Magnesium sulphate | a laxative |
| E519 | Copper sulphate | essential mineral |
| E524 | Sodium hydroxide | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E525 | Potassium hydroxide | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E526 | Calcium hydroxide | no adverse effects in small quantities |
| E527 | Ammonium hydroxide | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E528 | Magnesium hydroxide | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E529 | Calcium oxide | safe in small quantities |
| E530 | Magnesium oxide | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E535 | Sodium ferrocyanide | no adverse effects known |
| E536 | Potassium ferrocyanide | by-product of coal gas production; low toxicity |
| E540 | Dicalcium diphosphate | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E541 | Sodium aluminium phosphate, Acidic | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E542# | Bone phosphate | derived from bones; used in dried milk for coffee machines |
| E544 | Calcium polyphosphates | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E545 | Ammonium polyphosphates | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E551 | Silicon dioxide | no adverse effects are known in food use |
| E552 | Calcium silicate | derived from limestone and diatomaceous earth (the silicified skeletons of diatoms, a single celled plankton), antacid; no known adverse effects |
| E553(a) | Magnesium silicates | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E553(b) | Talc | has been linked to stomach cancer, typical products are polished rice, chocolate, confectionary |
| E554 | Sodium aluminium silicate | used in salt, dried milk substitutes and flours; aluminium is known to cause placental problems in pregnancy and has been linked to Alzheimer’s |
| E556 | Calcium aluminium silicate | derived from minerals; used in milk powders; see E554 |
| E558 | Bentonite | no known adverse effects |
| E559 | Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) | no known adverse effects |
| E570# | Stearic acid | possibly of animal origin; see stearates |
| E572# | Magnesium stearate | no known adverse effects in food use |
| E575 | Glucono delta-lactone | no known adverse effects |
| E576 | Sodium gluconate | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E577 | Potassium gluconate | no known adverse effects |
| E578 | Calcium gluconate | no known adverse effects |
| E579 | Ferrous gluconate | colour-retention agent; derived from iron and glucose; used in olives, iron supplements; safe in small amounts |
| E585 | Ferrous lactate | ? |
