Etiket Arşivleri: banned in some countries

E900 – E1520

Number	Name	Comments
E900	Dimethyl polysiloxane	silicone based
E901#	Beeswaxes	glazing agent, used to wax fruit; see bee products; occasionally causes allergic reactions
E903	Carnauba wax	derived from a South American palm; used in cosmetics and inks, and to wax fruit;occasionally causes allergic reactions
E904#	Shellac	derived from insects; occasionally causes irritations of the skin
E905#	Paraffins, Microcrystalline wax	may inhibit absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins, mild laxative, there may be a link to bowel cancer; used on sweets, in processing yeast, vitamin tablets, dried fruit, confectionary, collagen
E907#	Refined microcrystalline wax	avoid it, banned in some countries
E913#	Lanolin	derived from sheep wool
E920#	L-Cystein	flour treatment agent derived from animal hair and chicken feathers
E921#	L-Cystin	see E920
E924	Potassium bromate	large quantities can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, pain. Typical products are flour products
E925	Chlorine	destroys nutrients, carcinogen, in some areas tab water is contaminated with it, to make it ‘safer’ to drink. Typical products are flour products
E926	Chlorine dioxide	well…..basically see 925
E927	Azodicarbonamide	avoid it, banned in some countries
E928	Benzoyl peroxide	approved by FDA* for bleaching the carotenoids in refined flours; asthmatics and people with a history of allergies BEWARE, see 210
E931	Nitrogen	used in freezing and vacuum packing; seems safe
E932	Nitrous oxide	seems quite safe in small quantities
E950	Acesulphane potassium	?
E951#	Aspartame	artificial sweetener, too many adverse effects possible to list, some people are allergic to aspartame, migraine headaches a common reaction in these people
E952	Cyclamic acid	calcium & sodium cyclamate, artificial sweetener; known to cause migraines and other reactions, can be carcinogenic, caused damage ot rats testicles and mouse embriyos in tests, banned in the US and UK due its links with cancer
E954	Saccharines	calcium & sodium saccharin; artificial sweetener derived from toluene (a known carcinogen); banned in 1977 in the US, but reinstated subject to strict labelling starting: “Use of this product may be hazardous to your health, this product contains saccharin which has been determined to cause cancer in laboratory animals”
E957	Thaumatin	artificial sweetener, a protein derived from the tropical plant Thaumococcus danielli; used to sweeten wines, bread and fruit
E9120	Maltitol, Hydrogenated glucose syrup	humectant, starch decomposed with digestive enzymes; used in confectionery, dried fruits, low-joule foods; laxative in high concentrations
E967	Xylitol	humectant, found in raspberries, plums, lettuce and endives, though produced for commercial purposes from wood pulp; caused kidney stones and a diuretic effect on test rats: a waste of time and the lives of the rats, for the JEFCA in 1983 ruled the tests invalid in relation to humans, the symptoms caused by ‘physiological disturbances’ in the rats!, we can only imagine what conditions led to upset rats; used in low-joule foods and carbohydratemodified sweets, icecream and jams
E999	Quillaia extract	foaming agent, emulsifier, natural surfactant; derived from chilean soap bark tree (Quillaia Saponaria); used in beer and soda; known to promote healing and reduce excessive oiliness in the skin
E1100#	Amylase	derived from mould mushroom or pig pancreas
E1200	Polydextrose	seems safe in small doses
E1201	Polyvinylpyrrolidone	dispersing agent, coating for tablets; used in artificial sweeteners
E1202	Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone	clarifying agent for wine, colour and colloidal stabiliser
E1400-E1450	Starches	no known adverse effects
E1505	Triethyl acetate	part becomes alcohol in the body
E1510	Ethanol	alcohol
E1517, E1518#	Glycerol acetates	humectants and solvent derived from glycerol; used to coat fresh fruit in the US
E1520	Propylene glycol	humectants, wetting agent, dispersing agent, petroleum based; its glycerine like taste has made it popular for children’s medications and other elixirs; used in many topical creams and ointments, cosmetics, hair products and deodorants; has been linked with fatal heart attacks (when given intravenously), central nervous system depression and cosmetic or pharmaceutical contact dermatitis

E620 – E640

Number	Name	Comments
E620	Glutamic acid	flavour enhancer, salt substitute; amino acid present in many animal and vegetable proteins, derived commercially from bacteria; might cause similar problems as MSG(621), young children should avoid it
E621	Monosodium glutamate (MSG)	flavour enhancer derived from the fermentation of molasses, salt substitute; adverse effects appear in some asthmatic people, not permitted in foods for infants and young children; typical products are canned vegetables, canned tuna, dressings, many frozen foods
E622	Monopotassium glutamate	can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps; typical products are low sodium salt substitutes
E623	Calcium diglutamate	salt substitute, no known adverse effects
E624	Monoammonium glutamate	salt substitute, no known adverse effects
E625	Magnesium diglutamate	salt substitute, no known adverse effects
E626	Guanylic acid	may trigger gout
E627	Disodium guanylate	isolated from sardines or yeast extract; may trigger gout, not permitted in foods for infants and young children
E629	Calcium guanylate	may trigger gout
E631#	Disodium inosinate	may be prepared from meat or sardines; may trigger gout, not permitted in foods for infants and young children
E633	Calcium inosinate	may trigger gout
E635#	Disodium 5′-ribonucleotide	may be associated with itchy skin rashes up to 30 hours after ingestion; rashes may vary from mild to dramatic; the reaction is dose-related and cumulative, some individuals are more sensitive than others; typical foods include flavoured chips, instant noodles and party pies; avoid it, banned in some countries
E636	Maltol	derived from the bark of larch trees, pine needles, chicory wood, oils and roasted malt; it may be produced synthetically
E637	Ethyl maltol	derived from maltol
E640#	Glycine & its sodium salt	?

E500 – E585

Number	Name	Comments
E500	Sodium carbonates	no known adverse effects in small quantities
E501	Potassium carbonates	no known adverse effects
E503	Ammonium carbonates	irritant to mucous membranes
E504	Magnesium carbonate	medically used as an antacid and laxative
E507	Hydrochloric acid	safe in small quantities
E508	Potassium chloride	large quantities can cause gastric ulceration
E509	Calcium chloride	derived from brine
E510	Ammonium chloride	should be avoided by people with impaired liver or kidney function. Typical products are flour products
E511	Magnesium chloride	magnesium is an essential mineral
E513	Sulphuric acid	avoid it, banned in some countries
E514	Sodium sulphates	may upset the body’s water balance
E515	Potassium sulphates	no known adverse effects
E516	Calcium sulphate	derived from limestone
E518	Magnesium sulphate	a laxative
E519	Copper sulphate	essential mineral
E524	Sodium hydroxide	avoid it, banned in some countries
E525	Potassium hydroxide	avoid it, banned in some countries
E526	Calcium hydroxide	no adverse effects in small quantities
E527	Ammonium hydroxide	avoid it, banned in some countries
E528	Magnesium hydroxide	avoid it, banned in some countries
E529	Calcium oxide	safe in small quantities
E530	Magnesium oxide	avoid it, banned in some countries
E535	Sodium ferrocyanide	no adverse effects known
E536	Potassium ferrocyanide	by-product of coal gas production; low toxicity
E540	Dicalcium diphosphate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E541	Sodium aluminium phosphate, Acidic	avoid it, banned in some countries
E542#	Bone phosphate	derived from bones; used in dried milk for coffee machines
E544	Calcium polyphosphates	avoid it, banned in some countries
E545	Ammonium polyphosphates	avoid it, banned in some countries
E551	Silicon dioxide	no adverse effects are known in food use
E552	Calcium silicate	derived from limestone and diatomaceous earth (the silicified skeletons of diatoms, a single celled plankton), antacid; no known adverse effects
E553(a)	Magnesium silicates	avoid it, banned in some countries
E553(b)	Talc	has been linked to stomach cancer, typical products are polished rice, chocolate, confectionary
E554	Sodium aluminium silicate	used in salt, dried milk substitutes and flours; aluminium is known to cause placental problems in pregnancy and has been linked to Alzheimer’s
E556	Calcium aluminium silicate	derived from minerals; used in milk powders; see E554
E558	Bentonite	no known adverse effects
E559	Aluminium silicate (Kaolin)	no known adverse effects
E570#	Stearic acid	possibly of animal origin; see stearates
E572#	Magnesium stearate	no known adverse effects in food use
E575	Glucono delta-lactone	no known adverse effects
E576	Sodium gluconate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E577	Potassium gluconate	no known adverse effects
E578	Calcium gluconate	no known adverse effects
E579	Ferrous gluconate	colour-retention agent; derived from iron and glucose; used in olives, iron supplements; safe in small amounts
E585	Ferrous lactate	?

E400 – E495

Number	Name	Comments
E400	Alginic acid	thickener and vegetable gum, derived from seaweed; used in custard mix, cordial, flavoured milk, ice blocks, thickened cream and yoghurt; no known adverse effects in small quantities, large quantities can inhibit the absorption of some nutrients
E401	Sodium alginate	see 400
E402	Potassium alginate	see 400
E403	Ammonium alginate	see 400
E404	Calcium alginate	see 400
E405	Propylene glycol alginate	thickener and vegetable gum, derived from petroleum; see separate entry
E406	Agar	thickener and vegetable gum derived from red seaweed; sometimes used as a laxative, found in manufactured meats and ice cream
E407	Carrageenan	a fibre extracted from seaweed, it has recently been linked with cancer because it may become contaminated when ethylene oxide is added to an inferior product, this results in ethylene chlorohydrins forming, a highly carcinogenic compound; linked to toxic hazards, including ulcers and cancer; the most serious concerns relate to degraded carrageen, which is not a permitted additive; however, native carrageen an, which is used, may become degraded in the gut
E410	Locust bean gum	derived from Carob or Locust bean tree Ceratonia siliqua; used in lollies, cordials, essences, some flour products, dressings, fruit juice drinks; frequently used as a caffeine-free chocolate substitute; may lower cholesterol levels
E412	Guar gum	derived from the seeds of Cyamoposis tetragonolobus of Indian origin; fed to cattle in the US; can cause nausea, flatulence and cramps, may reduced cholesterol levels
E413	Tragacanth	resin form the tree Astragalus gummifer; used in foods, drugs including nasal solutions, elixirs and tablets; also used as a binder in cosmetics; possible contact allergy
E414	Acacia	derived from the sap of Acacia Sengal; easily broken down by the human digestive system; possible allergen, soothes irritations of mucous membranes
E415	Xanthan gum	derived from the fermentation of corn sugar with a bacterium
E416	Karaya gum	derived from the tree Sterculia urens; often used in conjunction with Carob (E 410), in ice cream, custard and sweets, as a filler for its capability to multiply its volume by 100 times with the addition of water; possible allergen
E417	Tara gum	derived from the Tara bush, Caesalpinia Spinosa is indigenous to Ecuador and Peru and is grown in Kenya
E420	Sorbitol	artificial sweetener and humectants; derived from glucose, either obtained from berries or synthesised; used in lollies, dried fruit, pastries, confectionary, low calorie foods, pharmaceutical syrups and ophthalmic preparations and is the seventh most widely used preservative in cosmetics; not permitted in foods for infants and young children, can cause gastric disturbance
E421	Mannitol	artificial sweetener and humectants; derived from seaweed or the manna ash tree; possible allergen, not permitted in infant foods due to its ability to cause diarrhoea and kidney dysfunction, also may cause nausea, vomiting; typical products are low calorie foods
E422#	Glycerol	humectants and sweetener; oily colourless alcohol; derived by decomposition of natural fats with alkalis; usually as a by-product of soap making using animal fat or vegetable oil; can be obtained from petroleum products sometimes synthesised from propylene or fermented from sugar; used in flexible coatings on sausages and cheeses, also in crystallised and dried fruit, liqueurs and vodka. “Glycerine has been shown to protect against DNA damage induced by tumour promoters, ultraviolet lights and radiation, presumably via free radical scavenging”; large quantities can cause headaches, thirst, nausea and high blood sugar levels. Typical products are liquors, confectionary, dried fruit, low calorie foods
E430#	?	?
E431#	Polyoxyethylene stearate	?
E432#	Polysorbate 20	avoid it, banned in some countries
E433#	Polysorbate 80	emulsifiers derived from animal fatty acids; used as synthetic flavourings, surfactants, defoaming agents and dough conditioners; may increase the absorption of fat-soluble substances
E434#	Polysorbate 40	avoid it, banned in some countries
E435#	Polysorbate 60	see 433
E436#	Polysorbate 120	see 433
E440(a)	Pectin	naturally occurring in the skins of apples; used to thicken jams, jellies and sauces; large quantities may cause temporary flatulence or intestinal discomfort
E440(b)	Amidated pectin	no known adverse effects
E441#	Gelatine	possible allergen, may contain 220, asthmatics and people allergic to sulphites beware!
E442	Ammonium phosphatides	no known adverse effects
E450	Diphosphates	High intakes may upset the calcium/phosphate equilibrium
E460	Cellulose	anti-caking agent; no adverse effects known
E461	Methyl cellulose	can cause flatulence, distension, intestinal obstruction
E463	Hydroxypropyl cellulose	avoid it, banned in some countries
E464	Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose	no known adverse effects
E4120	Ethyl methyl cellulose	no known adverse effects
E466	Carboxy methyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose	no known adverse effects
E469	Sodium caseinate	no known adverse effects
E470#	Fatty acids salts	avoid it, banned in some countries
E471#	Mono & di glycerides of fatty acids	no known adverse effects
E472#	Fatty acid esters of glycerides	no known adverse effects
E473#	Sucrose esters of fatty acids	no known adverse effects
E474#	Sucroglycerides	avoid it, banned in some countries
E475#	Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids	no known adverse effects
E476#	Polyglycerol polyricinoleate	no known adverse effects
E477#	Propylene glycol esters of fatty acids	derived from petroleum; no known adverse effects
E478#	?	?
E479(b)#	Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids	?
E480	Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate	awaiting results of studies
E481#	Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate	no known adverse effects
E482#	Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate	no known adverse effects
E483#	Stearyl tartrate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E491#	Sorbitan monos tearate	no known adverse effects
E492#	Sorbitan tristearate	may increase the absorption of fat-soluble substances
E493#	Sorbitan monolaurate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E494#	Sorbitan mono-oleate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E495#	Sorbitan monopalmitate	avoid it, banned in some countries

E300 – E385

Number	Name	Comments
E300	Ascorbic acid	flour treating agent, ‘vitamin C’; may be made synthetically from glucose, naturally occurs in fruit and vegetables; added to products as diverse as cured meat, breakfast cereals, frozen fish and wine
E301	Sodium ascorbate	sodium salt of vitamin C
E302	Calcium ascorbate	vitamin C, may increase the formation of calcium oxalate stones
E303	Potassium ascorbate	potassium salt of vitamin C
E304	Ascorbyl palmitate, Ascorbyl stearate	fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid, same function as E300
E306, E307, E308, E309	Tocopherols, alpha-,gamma-,delta-	‘vitamin E’; found in many vegetable oils, including soy, wheat germ, rice germ, cottonseed, maize; works as an antioxidant for fatty acids and tissue fats, preventing vitamin A from oxidation; used in margarine and salad dressings
E310	Propyl gallate	used to prevent rancidity in oily substances; derived from nutgalls; may cause gastric or skin irritation, gallates are not permitted in foods for infants and small children because of their known tendency to cause the blood disorder, methaemoglobinemia; used in oils, margarine, lard and salad dressings, sometimes used in packaging
E311	Octyl gallate	see 310
E312	Dodecyl gallate	see 310
E317	Erythorbic acid	produced from sucrose
E318	Sodium erythorbate	produced from E317
E319	Tert-ButylHydroQuinone (TBHQ)	petroleum based; the HACSG* recommends to avoid it. May cause nausea, vomiting, delirium. A dose of 5g is considered fatal. Typical products are fats, oils, margarine
E320	Butylated hydroxy-anisole (BHA)	petroleum derivative, retards spoilage due to oxidation; used in edible oils, chewing gum, fats, margarine, nuts, instant potato products, polyethylene food wraps; not permitted in infant foods, can provoke an allergic reaction in some people, may trigger hyperactivity and other intolerances; serious concerns over carcinogenicity and estrogenic effects, in large doses caused tumours in lab animals, banned in Japan in 1958, official committees of experts recommended that it be banned in the UK, however due to industry pressure it was not banned, McDonald’s eliminated BHT from their US products by 1986, see also Butyl compounds
E321	Butylated hydroxy-toluene (BHT)	petroleum derivative; see E320
E322#	Lecithins	emulsifier derived from soy beans, egg yolks, peanuts, corn or animal resources; non toxic but overdose can upset the stomach, kill the appetite and cause profuse sweating; used to allow combination of oils in margarine, chocolate, mayonnaise, milk powder; must be chosen vegetable type
E325#	Sodium lactate	derived from milk (lactic acid); may contain pork rennin or whey in process,young children with lactose intolerance may show adverse reactions
E326#	Potassium lactate	see 325
E327#	Calcium lactate	see 325
E328#	Ammonium lactate	see 325
E329#	Magnesium lactate	see 325
E330	Citric acid	food acid, naturally derived from citrus fruit, used in biscuits, canned fish, cheese and processed cheese products, infant formulas, cake and soup mixes, rye bread, soft drinks, fermented meat products
E331	Sodium citrates	food acid; no known adverse effects
E332	Potassium citrates	food acid; no known adverse effects
E333	Calcium citrates	food acid; no known adverse effects in small quantities
E334	Tartaric acid	food acid, obtained from unripe fruit, grape juice;no known adverse effects in small quantities
E335	Sodium tartrates	food acid; no known adverse effects
E336	Potassium tartrates	food acid; no known adverse effects
E337	Sodium potassium tartrate	food acid; no known adverse effects
E338	Phosphoric acid	food acid, derived from phosphate ore; used in cheese products;no known adverse effects
E339	Sodium phosphates	mineral salt, used as a laxative and a fixing agent in textile dyeing; high intakes may upset the calcium/phosphorus equilibrium
E340	Potassium phosphates	see 339
E341#	Calcium phosphates	mineral salt found in rocks and bones; used in medicines as an antacid and polishing agent in enamels
E343	Magnesium phosphates	essential mineral, anticaking agent found in salt substitutes
E350	Sodium malates	no known adverse effects
E351	Potassium malate	no known adverse effects
E352	Calcium malates	no known adverse effects
E353	Metatartaric acid	no known adverse effects
E354	Calcium tartrate	seems safe
E355	Adipic acid	food acid from the root adipose (pertaining to fat?)
E357	Potassium adipate	no known adverse effects
E363	Succinic acid	avoid it, banned in some countries
E3120	Sodium fumarate	food acid, salt of fumaric acid (derived from plants of the genus Fumaria esp. F.officianalis)
E366	Potassium fumarate	no known adverse effects
E367	Calcium fumarate	no known adverse effects
E370	1,4-Heptonolactone	avoid it, banned in some countries
E375	Niacin	vitamin B3; naturally occurs in bean, pea and other legumes, milk, egg, meat, poultry, and fish; at doses in excess of 1,000 mg per day can cause liver damage, diabetes, gastritis, eye damage, and elevated blood levels of uric acid (which can cause gout); at amounts as low as 50-100 mg may cause flushing (harmless but painful), headache, and stomach-ache especially if taken on an empty stomach
E380	Tri-ammonium citrate	may interfere with liver and pancreas function
E381	Ammonium ferric citrates	essential mineral, food acid derived from citric acid; used as a dietary iron supplement in breakfast cereals and dietary formulas
E385	Calcium disodium EDTA	avoid it, banned in some countries

E200 – E290

Number	Name	Comments
E200	Sorbic acid	either obtained from berries or synthesised from ketene; possible skin irritant
E201	Sodium sorbate	no known adverse effects
E202	Potassium sorbate	no known adverse effects
E203	Calcium sorbate	no known adverse effects
E210#	Benzoic acid	also known as flowers of benzoin, phenlycarboxylic acid, carboxybenzene; added to alcoholic beverages, baked goods, cheeses, gum, condiments, frozen dairy, relishes, soft sweets, cordials and sugar substitutes; used in cosmetics, as an antiseptic in many cough medications and an antifungal in ointments; can cause asthma, especially in those dependant on steroid asthma medications, is also reputed to cause neurological disorders and to react with sulphur bisulphite (222), shown to provoke hyperactivity in children; obtained from Benzoin, a resin exuded by trees native to Asia
E211	Sodium benzoate	used as antiseptic, as a food preservative and to disguise taste, as of poor-quality food; orange soft drinks contain a high amount of it, upto 25mg per 250ml; also in milk and meat products, relishes and condiments, baked goods and lollies; used in many oral medications including Actifed, Phenergan and Tylenol; known to causes nettle rash and aggravate asthma
E212	Potassium benzoate	people with a history of allergies may show allergic reactions. for using see 210
E213	Calcium benzoate	see 212
E214	Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E215	Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E216	Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate	possible contact allergen
E217	Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E218	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate	allergic reactions possible, mainly affecting the skin
E219	Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E220	Sulphur dioxide	derived from coal tar; all sulphur drugs are toxic and restricted in use (in USA, FDA** prohibits their use on raw fruits and vegetables), produced by combustion of sulphur or gypsum; known to provoke asthma attacks and difficult to metabolise for those with impaired kidney function, also destroys vitamin B1; typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products
E221	Sodium sulphite	decontaminating agent used in fresh orange juice; see 220
E222	Sodium hydrogen sulphite	see 220
E223	Sodium metabisulphite	treating agent, see 220
E224	Potassium metabisulphite	see 220
E225	Potassium sulphite	see 220
E226	Calcium sulphite	avoid it, banned in some countries
E227	Calcium hydrogen sulphite	avoid it, banned in some countries
E228	Potassium hydrogen sulphite	see 220
E230	Biphenyl, Diphenyl	banned in some countries; can be used for agricultural purposes; typical products are citrus fruit
E231	Orthophenyl phenol	banned in some countries; can be used for agricultural purposes; typical products are pears, carrots, peaches, plums, prunes, sweet potatoe, citrus fruit, pineapples, tomatoes, peppers, cherries, nectarines
E232	Sodium orthophenyl phenol	see 231
E233	Thiabendazole	banned in some countries, can be used for agricultural purposes, typical products are citrus fruits, apples, pears, potatoes, bananas, mushrooms, meat, milk
E234	Nisin	antibiotic derived from bacteria; found in beer, processed cheese products, tomato paste
E235	Natamycin	mould inhibitor derived from bacteria; sometimes used medically to treat candidiasis; can cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea and skin irritation;.typical products are meat, cheese
E236	Formic acid	avoid it, banned in some countries
E237	Sodium formate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E238	Calcium formate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E239	Hexamethylene tetramine	avoid it, banned in some countries
E249	Potassium nitrite	colour fixative and curing agent for meat; nitrites can effect the body’s ability to carry oxygen, resulting in shortness of breath, dizziness and headaches; potential carcinogen; not permitted in foods for infant and young children
E250	Sodium nitrite	may provoke hyperactivity and other adverse reactions, potentially carcinogenic, restricted in many countries, can combine with chemicals in stomach to form nitrosamine, the HACSG* recommends to avoid it
E251	Sodium nitrate	also used in the manufacture of nitric acid, as a fertiliser and in fermented meat products (see 250)
E252#	Potassium nitrate	may be derived from waste animal or vegetable matter; used in gunpowder, explosives and fertilisers, and in the preservation of meat; may provoke hyperactivity and other adverse reactions; potentially carcinogenic; restricted in many countries (see 249)
E260	Acetic acid	main component of vinegar, synthetically produced from wood fibres; used in pickles, chutneys, and sauces
E261	Potassium acetate	food acid; should be avoided by people with impaired kidney function; typical products are sauces, pickles
E262	Sodium acetate, Sodium diacetate	food acid, acidity regulator; no known adverse effects
E263	Calcium acetate	food acid, acidity regulator; by product in the manufacture of wood alcohol; used to make acetic acid (vinegar) and in the production of dyers mordants
E264	Ammonium acetate	can cause nausea and vomiting
E270#	Lactic acid	food acid, acidity regulator; produced by heating and fermenting carbohydrates in milk whey, potatoes, cornstarch or molasses; difficult for babies to metabolise; used in sweets, dressings, soft drinks (sometimes beer) infant formulas and confectionary
E280	Propionic acid	all propionates are thought to be linked with migraine headaches; propionates occur naturally in fermented foods, human perspiration and ruminants digestive tract, also can be derived commercially from ethylene and carbon monoxide or propionaldehyde or natural gas or fermented wood pulp; produced when bacteria decompose fibre; commonly used in bread and flour products;
E281	Sodium propionate	may be linked to migraines, typical products are flour products
E282	Calcium propionate	see 281
E283	Potassium propionate	see 281
E290	Carbon dioxide	propellant, coolant, derived from lime manufacture; may increase the effect of alcohol; typical products are wine, soft drinks, confectionary
E296	Malic acid		derived from fruit or synthetic; infants and young children should avoid it
E297	Fumaric acid		derived from plants of the genus Fumaria esp. F.officianalis or from the fermentation of glucose with fungi; can be used to flavour, acidify, as an antioxidant or raising agent used in soft drinks and cake mixes