Foodelphi.com Science of Food Engineering | Number | Name | Comments | |
| E200 | Sorbic acid | either obtained from berries or synthesised from ketene; possible skin irritant | |
| E201 | Sodium sorbate | no known adverse effects | |
| E202 | Potassium sorbate | no known adverse effects | |
| E203 | Calcium sorbate | no known adverse effects | |
| E210# | Benzoic acid | also known as flowers of benzoin, phenlycarboxylic acid, carboxybenzene; added to alcoholic beverages, baked goods, cheeses, gum, condiments, frozen dairy, relishes, soft sweets, cordials and sugar substitutes; used in cosmetics, as an antiseptic in many cough medications and an antifungal in ointments; can cause asthma, especially in those dependant on steroid asthma medications, is also reputed to cause neurological disorders and to react with sulphur bisulphite (222), shown to provoke hyperactivity in children; obtained from Benzoin, a resin exuded by trees native to Asia | |
| E211 | Sodium benzoate | used as antiseptic, as a food preservative and to disguise taste, as of poor-quality food; orange soft drinks contain a high amount of it, upto 25mg per 250ml; also in milk and meat products, relishes and condiments, baked goods and lollies; used in many oral medications including Actifed, Phenergan and Tylenol; known to causes nettle rash and aggravate asthma | |
| E212 | Potassium benzoate | people with a history of allergies may show allergic reactions. for using see 210 | |
| E213 | Calcium benzoate | see 212 | |
| E214 | Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E215 | Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E216 | Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate | possible contact allergen | |
| E217 | Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E218 | Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate | allergic reactions possible, mainly affecting the skin | |
| E219 | Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E220 | Sulphur dioxide | derived from coal tar; all sulphur drugs are toxic and restricted in use (in USA, FDA** prohibits their use on raw fruits and vegetables), produced by combustion of sulphur or gypsum; known to provoke asthma attacks and difficult to metabolise for those with impaired kidney function, also destroys vitamin B1; typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products | |
| E221 | Sodium sulphite | decontaminating agent used in fresh orange juice; see 220 | |
| E222 | Sodium hydrogen sulphite | see 220 | |
| E223 | Sodium metabisulphite | treating agent, see 220 | |
| E224 | Potassium metabisulphite | see 220 | |
| E225 | Potassium sulphite | see 220 | |
| E226 | Calcium sulphite | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E227 | Calcium hydrogen sulphite | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E228 | Potassium hydrogen sulphite | see 220 | |
| E230 | Biphenyl, Diphenyl | banned in some countries; can be used for agricultural purposes; typical products are citrus fruit | |
| E231 | Orthophenyl phenol | banned in some countries; can be used for agricultural purposes; typical products are pears, carrots, peaches, plums, prunes, sweet potatoe, citrus fruit, pineapples, tomatoes, peppers, cherries, nectarines | |
| E232 | Sodium orthophenyl phenol | see 231 | |
| E233 | Thiabendazole | banned in some countries, can be used for agricultural purposes, typical products are citrus fruits, apples, pears, potatoes, bananas, mushrooms, meat, milk | |
| E234 | Nisin | antibiotic derived from bacteria; found in beer, processed cheese products, tomato paste | |
| E235 | Natamycin | mould inhibitor derived from bacteria; sometimes used medically to treat candidiasis; can cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea and skin irritation;.typical products are meat, cheese | |
| E236 | Formic acid | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E237 | Sodium formate | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E238 | Calcium formate | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E239 | Hexamethylene tetramine | avoid it, banned in some countries | |
| E249 | Potassium nitrite | colour fixative and curing agent for meat; nitrites can effect the body’s ability to carry oxygen, resulting in shortness of breath, dizziness and headaches; potential carcinogen; not permitted in foods for infant and young children | |
| E250 | Sodium nitrite | may provoke hyperactivity and other adverse reactions, potentially carcinogenic, restricted in many countries, can combine with chemicals in stomach to form nitrosamine, the HACSG* recommends to avoid it | |
| E251 | Sodium nitrate | also used in the manufacture of nitric acid, as a fertiliser and in fermented meat products (see 250) | |
| E252# | Potassium nitrate | may be derived from waste animal or vegetable matter; used in gunpowder, explosives and fertilisers, and in the preservation of meat; may provoke hyperactivity and other adverse reactions; potentially carcinogenic; restricted in many countries (see 249) | |
| E260 | Acetic acid | main component of vinegar, synthetically produced from wood fibres; used in pickles, chutneys, and sauces | |
| E261 | Potassium acetate | food acid; should be avoided by people with impaired kidney function; typical products are sauces, pickles | |
| E262 | Sodium acetate, Sodium diacetate | food acid, acidity regulator; no known adverse effects | |
| E263 | Calcium acetate | food acid, acidity regulator; by product in the manufacture of wood alcohol; used to make acetic acid (vinegar) and in the production of dyers mordants | |
| E264 | Ammonium acetate | can cause nausea and vomiting | |
| E270# | Lactic acid | food acid, acidity regulator; produced by heating and fermenting carbohydrates in milk whey, potatoes, cornstarch or molasses; difficult for babies to metabolise; used in sweets, dressings, soft drinks (sometimes beer) infant formulas and confectionary | |
| E280 | Propionic acid | all propionates are thought to be linked with migraine headaches; propionates occur naturally in fermented foods, human perspiration and ruminants digestive tract, also can be derived commercially from ethylene and carbon monoxide or propionaldehyde or natural gas or fermented wood pulp; produced when bacteria decompose fibre; commonly used in bread and flour products; | |
| E281 | Sodium propionate | may be linked to migraines, typical products are flour products | |
| E282 | Calcium propionate | see 281 | |
| E283 | Potassium propionate | see 281 | |
| E290 | Carbon dioxide | propellant, coolant, derived from lime manufacture; may increase the effect of alcohol; typical products are wine, soft drinks, confectionary | |
| E296 | Malic acid | derived from fruit or synthetic; infants and young children should avoid it | |
| E297 | Fumaric acid | derived from plants of the genus Fumaria esp. F.officianalis or from the fermentation of glucose with fungi; can be used to flavour, acidify, as an antioxidant or raising agent used in soft drinks and cake mixes | |
Etiket Arşivleri: banned in USA
E100 – E181
| Number | Name | Comments |
| E100# | Cur cumin | orange-yellow colour; derived from the root of the curcuma (turmeric) plant, but can be artificially produced; used in cheese, margarine, baked sweets and fish fingers |
| E101# | Riboflavin, Riboflavin-5′-phosphate | ‘Vitamin B2’ and colour; occurs naturally in greenveges, eggs, milk, liver and kidney; used in margarine and cheese |
| E102 | Tartrazine | FD&C Yellow No.5; known to provoke asthma attacks (though the US FDA** do not recognise this) and urticaria (nettle rash) in children (the US FDA** estimates 1:10 000); also linked to thyroid tumours, chromosomal damage, urticaria (hives) and hyperactivity; tartrazine sensitivity is also linked to aspirin sensitivity; used to colour drinks, sweets, jams, cereals, snack foods, canned fish, packaged soups; banned in Norway and Austria |
| E104 | Quinoline Yellow | FD&C Yellow No.10; used in lipsticks hair products, colognes; also in a wide range of medications; cause dermatitis; banned in USA and Norway |
| E107 | Yellow 7G | yellow colour; the HACSG* recommends to avoid it; people who suffer Asthma may also show an allergic reaction to it; typical products are soft drinks; banned in Australia and USA |
| E110# | Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S | FD&C Yellow No.6; used in cereals, bakery, sweets, snack foods, ice cream, drinks and canned fish; synthetic; also in many medications including Polaramine, Ventolin syrup; side effects are urticaria (hives), rhinitis (runny nose), nasal congestion, allergies, hyperactivity, kidney tumours, chromosomal damage, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, indigestion, distaste for food; seen increased incidence of tumours in animals; banned in Norway |
| E120# | Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines | red colour; made from insects; rarely used; the HASCG* recommends to avoid it |
| E122 | Azorubine, Carmoisine | red colour; coal tar derivative; can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; typical products are confectionary, marzipan, jelly crystals; banned in Sweden, USA, Austria and Norway |
| E123 | Amaranth | FD&C Red No.2; derived from the small herbaceous plant of the same name; used in cake mixes, fruit-flavoured fillings, jelly crystals; can provoke asthma, eczema and hyperactivity; it caused birth defects and foetal deaths in some animal tests, possibly also cancer; banned in the USA, Russia, Austria and Norway and other countries |
| E124 | Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A | FD&C Red No.4; synthetic coal tar and azo dye, carcinogen in animals, can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; banned in USA & Norway |
| E127 | Erythrosine | FD&C Red No.3; red colour used in cherries, canned fruit, custard mix, sweets, bakery, snack foods; can cause sensitivity to light; can increase thyroid hormone levels and lead to hyperthyroidism, was shown to cause thyroid cancer in rats in a study in 1990; banned in January 1990, but not recalled by the US FDA**; banned in Norway |
| E128 | Red 2G | Banned in Australia and many other places except UK |
| E129 | Allura red AC | FD&C Red No.40; Orange-red colour used in sweets, drinks and condiments, medications and cosmetics, synthetic; introduced in the early eighties to replace amaranth which was considered not safe due to conflicting test results; allura red has also been connected with cancer in mice; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria and Norway |
| E131 | Patent blue V | Banned in Australia, USA and Norway |
| E132# | Indigotine, Indigo carmine | FD&C Blue No.2, commonly added to tablets and capsules; also used in ice cream, sweets, baked goods, confectionary, biscuits, synthetic coal tar derivative; may cause nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, skin rashes, breathing problems and other allergic reactions. Banned in Norway |
| E133 | Brilliant blue FCF | FD&C Blue Dye No.1; used in dairy products, sweets and drinks, synthetic usually occurring as aluminium lake (solution) or ammonium salt; banned in Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, Norway |
| E140 | Chlorophylis, Chlorophyllins | green colour occurs naturally in all plants; used for dyeing waxes and oils, used in medicines and cosmetics |
| E141 | Copper complexes of chloropyll and chlorophyllins | olive colour, no adverse effects are known |
| E142 | Green S | green colour; synthetic coal tar derivative; used in canned peas, mint jelly and sauce, packet bread crumbs and cake mixes; banned inSweden, USA and Norway |
| E150(a) | Plain caramel | dark brown colour made from sucrose; the HACSG* recommends to avoid it. used in oyster, soy, fruit and canned sauces, beer, whiskey, biscuits, pickles |
| E150(b) | Caustic sulphite caramel | see E150(a) |
| E150(c) | Ammonia caramel | see E150(a) |
| E150(d) | Sulphite ammonia caramel | see E150(a) |
| E151 | Brilliant Black BN, Black PN | coloor; coal tar derivative; used in brown sauces, blackcurrant cake mixes; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, USA, Norway |
| E153# | Vegetable carbon | black colour, charcoal pigment; used in jams, jelly crystals, liquorice; only the vegetable derived variety permitted in Australia, banned in the United States |
| E154 | Brown FK | banned in USA |
| E155 | Brown HT (Chocolate) | brown colour, coal tar and azo dye; used in chocolate cake mixes; can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; also known to induce skin sensitivity; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, USA, Norway |
| E160(a)# | Carotene, alpha-, beta-, gamma- | orange-yellow colour; human body converts it to ‘Vitamin A’ in the liver, found in carrots and other yellow or orange fruits and vegetables |
| E160(b)# | Annatto (Arnatto, Annato), bixin, norbixin | red colour; derived from a tree (Bixa orellana); used as a body paint, fabric dye, digestive aid and expectorant; used to dye cheese, butter, margarine, cereals, snack foods, soaps, textiles and varnishes; known to cause urticaria (nettle rash), the HACSG* recommends to avoid it |
| E160(c)# | Paprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E160(d)# | Lycopene | red coloured carotenoid found in tomatoes and pink grapefruit, can cause decreasing risk of cancer |
| E160(e)# | Beta-apo-8′-carotenal (C 30) | orange colour, no adverse effects are known |
| E160(f)# | Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8′-carotenic acid (C 30) | orange colour, no adverse effects are known |
| E161(b) | Xanthophylls – Lutein | yellow colour derived from plants, naturally found in green leaves, marigolds and egg yolks |
| E161(g)# | Xanthophylls – Canthaxanthin | yellow colour possibly derived from animal sources (retinol); the pigment is found in some mushrooms, crustacea, fish, flamingo feathers |
| E162 | Beetroot Red, Betanin | purple colour derived from beets; no adverse effects are known |
| E163 | Anthocyanins | violet colour matter of flowers and plants; seems safe |
| E170# | Calcium carbonate | mineral salt, used in toothpastes, white paint and cleaning powders; may be derived from rock mineral or animal bones; sometimes used to deacidify wines and firm canned fruit and veg.; toxic at ‘high doses’ |
| E171 | Titanium dioxide | white colour used in toothpaste and white paint, pollutes waterways; no adverse effects are known |
| E172 | Iron oxides and hydroxides | black, yellow, red colour used in salmon and shrimp pastes; toxic at ‘high doses’ |
| E173 | Aluminium | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E174 | Silver | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E175 | Gold | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E180 | Latolrubine BK | avoid it, banned in some countries |
| E181 | Tannic acid, tannins | clarifying agent in alcohol; derived from the nutgalls and twigs of oak trees; occurs naturally in tea |