Etiket Arşivleri: banned in USA

E200 – E290

Number	Name	Comments
E200	Sorbic acid	either obtained from berries or synthesised from ketene; possible skin irritant
E201	Sodium sorbate	no known adverse effects
E202	Potassium sorbate	no known adverse effects
E203	Calcium sorbate	no known adverse effects
E210#	Benzoic acid	also known as flowers of benzoin, phenlycarboxylic acid, carboxybenzene; added to alcoholic beverages, baked goods, cheeses, gum, condiments, frozen dairy, relishes, soft sweets, cordials and sugar substitutes; used in cosmetics, as an antiseptic in many cough medications and an antifungal in ointments; can cause asthma, especially in those dependant on steroid asthma medications, is also reputed to cause neurological disorders and to react with sulphur bisulphite (222), shown to provoke hyperactivity in children; obtained from Benzoin, a resin exuded by trees native to Asia
E211	Sodium benzoate	used as antiseptic, as a food preservative and to disguise taste, as of poor-quality food; orange soft drinks contain a high amount of it, upto 25mg per 250ml; also in milk and meat products, relishes and condiments, baked goods and lollies; used in many oral medications including Actifed, Phenergan and Tylenol; known to causes nettle rash and aggravate asthma
E212	Potassium benzoate	people with a history of allergies may show allergic reactions. for using see 210
E213	Calcium benzoate	see 212
E214	Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E215	Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E216	Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate	possible contact allergen
E217	Sodium propyl p-hydroxybenzoate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E218	Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate	allergic reactions possible, mainly affecting the skin
E219	Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E220	Sulphur dioxide	derived from coal tar; all sulphur drugs are toxic and restricted in use (in USA, FDA** prohibits their use on raw fruits and vegetables), produced by combustion of sulphur or gypsum; known to provoke asthma attacks and difficult to metabolise for those with impaired kidney function, also destroys vitamin B1; typical products are beer, soft drinks, dried fruit, juices, cordials, wine, vinegar, potato products
E221	Sodium sulphite	decontaminating agent used in fresh orange juice; see 220
E222	Sodium hydrogen sulphite	see 220
E223	Sodium metabisulphite	treating agent, see 220
E224	Potassium metabisulphite	see 220
E225	Potassium sulphite	see 220
E226	Calcium sulphite	avoid it, banned in some countries
E227	Calcium hydrogen sulphite	avoid it, banned in some countries
E228	Potassium hydrogen sulphite	see 220
E230	Biphenyl, Diphenyl	banned in some countries; can be used for agricultural purposes; typical products are citrus fruit
E231	Orthophenyl phenol	banned in some countries; can be used for agricultural purposes; typical products are pears, carrots, peaches, plums, prunes, sweet potatoe, citrus fruit, pineapples, tomatoes, peppers, cherries, nectarines
E232	Sodium orthophenyl phenol	see 231
E233	Thiabendazole	banned in some countries, can be used for agricultural purposes, typical products are citrus fruits, apples, pears, potatoes, bananas, mushrooms, meat, milk
E234	Nisin	antibiotic derived from bacteria; found in beer, processed cheese products, tomato paste
E235	Natamycin	mould inhibitor derived from bacteria; sometimes used medically to treat candidiasis; can cause nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea and skin irritation;.typical products are meat, cheese
E236	Formic acid	avoid it, banned in some countries
E237	Sodium formate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E238	Calcium formate	avoid it, banned in some countries
E239	Hexamethylene tetramine	avoid it, banned in some countries
E249	Potassium nitrite	colour fixative and curing agent for meat; nitrites can effect the body’s ability to carry oxygen, resulting in shortness of breath, dizziness and headaches; potential carcinogen; not permitted in foods for infant and young children
E250	Sodium nitrite	may provoke hyperactivity and other adverse reactions, potentially carcinogenic, restricted in many countries, can combine with chemicals in stomach to form nitrosamine, the HACSG* recommends to avoid it
E251	Sodium nitrate	also used in the manufacture of nitric acid, as a fertiliser and in fermented meat products (see 250)
E252#	Potassium nitrate	may be derived from waste animal or vegetable matter; used in gunpowder, explosives and fertilisers, and in the preservation of meat; may provoke hyperactivity and other adverse reactions; potentially carcinogenic; restricted in many countries (see 249)
E260	Acetic acid	main component of vinegar, synthetically produced from wood fibres; used in pickles, chutneys, and sauces
E261	Potassium acetate	food acid; should be avoided by people with impaired kidney function; typical products are sauces, pickles
E262	Sodium acetate, Sodium diacetate	food acid, acidity regulator; no known adverse effects
E263	Calcium acetate	food acid, acidity regulator; by product in the manufacture of wood alcohol; used to make acetic acid (vinegar) and in the production of dyers mordants
E264	Ammonium acetate	can cause nausea and vomiting
E270#	Lactic acid	food acid, acidity regulator; produced by heating and fermenting carbohydrates in milk whey, potatoes, cornstarch or molasses; difficult for babies to metabolise; used in sweets, dressings, soft drinks (sometimes beer) infant formulas and confectionary
E280	Propionic acid	all propionates are thought to be linked with migraine headaches; propionates occur naturally in fermented foods, human perspiration and ruminants digestive tract, also can be derived commercially from ethylene and carbon monoxide or propionaldehyde or natural gas or fermented wood pulp; produced when bacteria decompose fibre; commonly used in bread and flour products;
E281	Sodium propionate	may be linked to migraines, typical products are flour products
E282	Calcium propionate	see 281
E283	Potassium propionate	see 281
E290	Carbon dioxide	propellant, coolant, derived from lime manufacture; may increase the effect of alcohol; typical products are wine, soft drinks, confectionary
E296	Malic acid		derived from fruit or synthetic; infants and young children should avoid it
E297	Fumaric acid		derived from plants of the genus Fumaria esp. F.officianalis or from the fermentation of glucose with fungi; can be used to flavour, acidify, as an antioxidant or raising agent used in soft drinks and cake mixes

E100 – E181

Number	Name	Comments
E100#	Cur cumin	orange-yellow colour; derived from the root of the curcuma (turmeric) plant, but can be artificially produced; used in cheese, margarine, baked sweets and fish fingers
E101#	Riboflavin, Riboflavin-5′-phosphate	‘Vitamin B2’ and colour; occurs naturally in greenveges, eggs, milk, liver and kidney; used in margarine and cheese
E102	Tartrazine	FD&C Yellow No.5; known to provoke asthma attacks (though the US FDA do not recognise this) and urticaria (nettle rash) in children (the US FDA estimates 1:10 000); also linked to thyroid tumours, chromosomal damage, urticaria (hives) and hyperactivity; tartrazine sensitivity is also linked to aspirin sensitivity; used to colour drinks, sweets, jams, cereals, snack foods, canned fish, packaged soups; banned in Norway and Austria
E104	Quinoline Yellow	FD&C Yellow No.10; used in lipsticks hair products, colognes; also in a wide range of medications; cause dermatitis; banned in USA and Norway
E107	Yellow 7G	yellow colour; the HACSG* recommends to avoid it; people who suffer Asthma may also show an allergic reaction to it; typical products are soft drinks; banned in Australia and USA
E110#	Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S	FD&C Yellow No.6; used in cereals, bakery, sweets, snack foods, ice cream, drinks and canned fish; synthetic; also in many medications including Polaramine, Ventolin syrup; side effects are urticaria (hives), rhinitis (runny nose), nasal congestion, allergies, hyperactivity, kidney tumours, chromosomal damage, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, indigestion, distaste for food; seen increased incidence of tumours in animals; banned in Norway
E120#	Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines	red colour; made from insects; rarely used; the HASCG* recommends to avoid it
E122	Azorubine, Carmoisine	red colour; coal tar derivative; can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; typical products are confectionary, marzipan, jelly crystals; banned in Sweden, USA, Austria and Norway
E123	Amaranth	FD&C Red No.2; derived from the small herbaceous plant of the same name; used in cake mixes, fruit-flavoured fillings, jelly crystals; can provoke asthma, eczema and hyperactivity; it caused birth defects and foetal deaths in some animal tests, possibly also cancer; banned in the USA, Russia, Austria and Norway and other countries
E124	Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A	FD&C Red No.4; synthetic coal tar and azo dye, carcinogen in animals, can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; banned in USA & Norway
E127	Erythrosine	FD&C Red No.3; red colour used in cherries, canned fruit, custard mix, sweets, bakery, snack foods; can cause sensitivity to light; can increase thyroid hormone levels and lead to hyperthyroidism, was shown to cause thyroid cancer in rats in a study in 1990; banned in January 1990, but not recalled by the US FDA**; banned in Norway
E128	Red 2G	Banned in Australia and many other places except UK
E129	Allura red AC	FD&C Red No.40; Orange-red colour used in sweets, drinks and condiments, medications and cosmetics, synthetic; introduced in the early eighties to replace amaranth which was considered not safe due to conflicting test results; allura red has also been connected with cancer in mice; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria and Norway
E131	Patent blue V	Banned in Australia, USA and Norway
E132#	Indigotine, Indigo carmine	FD&C Blue No.2, commonly added to tablets and capsules; also used in ice cream, sweets, baked goods, confectionary, biscuits, synthetic coal tar derivative; may cause nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure, skin rashes, breathing problems and other allergic reactions. Banned in Norway
E133	Brilliant blue FCF	FD&C Blue Dye No.1; used in dairy products, sweets and drinks, synthetic usually occurring as aluminium lake (solution) or ammonium salt; banned in Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, Norway
E140	Chlorophylis, Chlorophyllins	green colour occurs naturally in all plants; used for dyeing waxes and oils, used in medicines and cosmetics
E141	Copper complexes of chloropyll and chlorophyllins	olive colour, no adverse effects are known
E142	Green S	green colour; synthetic coal tar derivative; used in canned peas, mint jelly and sauce, packet bread crumbs and cake mixes; banned inSweden, USA and Norway
E150(a)	Plain caramel	dark brown colour made from sucrose; the HACSG* recommends to avoid it. used in oyster, soy, fruit and canned sauces, beer, whiskey, biscuits, pickles
E150(b)	Caustic sulphite caramel	see E150(a)
E150(c)	Ammonia caramel	see E150(a)
E150(d)	Sulphite ammonia caramel	see E150(a)
E151	Brilliant Black BN, Black PN	coloor; coal tar derivative; used in brown sauces, blackcurrant cake mixes; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, USA, Norway
E153#	Vegetable carbon	black colour, charcoal pigment; used in jams, jelly crystals, liquorice; only the vegetable derived variety permitted in Australia, banned in the United States
E154	Brown FK	banned in USA
E155	Brown HT (Chocolate)	brown colour, coal tar and azo dye; used in chocolate cake mixes; can produce bad reactions in asthmatics and people allergic to aspirin; also known to induce skin sensitivity; banned in Denmark, Belgium, France, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Austria, USA, Norway
E160(a)#	Carotene, alpha-, beta-, gamma-	orange-yellow colour; human body converts it to ‘Vitamin A’ in the liver, found in carrots and other yellow or orange fruits and vegetables
E160(b)#	Annatto (Arnatto, Annato), bixin, norbixin	red colour; derived from a tree (Bixa orellana); used as a body paint, fabric dye, digestive aid and expectorant; used to dye cheese, butter, margarine, cereals, snack foods, soaps, textiles and varnishes; known to cause urticaria (nettle rash), the HACSG* recommends to avoid it
E160(c)#	Paprika extract, capsanthin, capsorubin	avoid it, banned in some countries
E160(d)#	Lycopene	red coloured carotenoid found in tomatoes and pink grapefruit, can cause decreasing risk of cancer
E160(e)#	Beta-apo-8′-carotenal (C 30)	orange colour, no adverse effects are known
E160(f)#	Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8′-carotenic acid (C 30)	orange colour, no adverse effects are known
E161(b)	Xanthophylls – Lutein	yellow colour derived from plants, naturally found in green leaves, marigolds and egg yolks
E161(g)#	Xanthophylls – Canthaxanthin	yellow colour possibly derived from animal sources (retinol); the pigment is found in some mushrooms, crustacea, fish, flamingo feathers
E162	Beetroot Red, Betanin	purple colour derived from beets; no adverse effects are known
E163	Anthocyanins	violet colour matter of flowers and plants; seems safe
E170#	Calcium carbonate	mineral salt, used in toothpastes, white paint and cleaning powders; may be derived from rock mineral or animal bones; sometimes used to deacidify wines and firm canned fruit and veg.; toxic at ‘high doses’
E171	Titanium dioxide	white colour used in toothpaste and white paint, pollutes waterways; no adverse effects are known
E172	Iron oxides and hydroxides	black, yellow, red colour used in salmon and shrimp pastes; toxic at ‘high doses’
E173	Aluminium	avoid it, banned in some countries
E174	Silver	avoid it, banned in some countries
E175	Gold	avoid it, banned in some countries
E180	Latolrubine BK	avoid it, banned in some countries
E181	Tannic acid, tannins	clarifying agent in alcohol; derived from the nutgalls and twigs of oak trees; occurs naturally in tea